咖哩 curry 大多数人对於印度料理的第一印象,通常是 “啊! 咖哩!”。咖哩这两字的语源来自南印度,以南印度的泰米尔(timil)话来说咖哩是"酱"的意思,这是综合各种辛辣香料所制作的料理,因而咖哩不是一道菜而是一种烹调方式总称。咖哩也的确是印度非常具代表性的菜肴,其复杂的料理过程,内容丰富的香料调配,使印度咖哩带著强烈的民族风情,而且东西南北印度的咖哩口味各有不同特色。一般而言,印度咖哩通常偏咸、偏辣,嗜食重口味的人应该会非常喜欢。 常见的咖哩有: palak paneer: 菠菜(palak 拍立克)加上印度家常自制的乡村起士(paneer 坡尼尔),这道菜是北印度最受欢迎的咖哩之一。在缺乏蔬菜的西北印度干燥地区,被称做「蔬菜之王」的菠菜,是最营养丰富的绿叶青菜之一。mattar paneer: 四季豆(mattar 麦特儿)加上乡村起士,在不吃肉土壤又贫瘠的西北印度,豆类也是重要的蛋白资来源之一。aloo gobhi : 马铃薯(aloo/alu 阿楼)炒花椰菜(gobhi 嘎必哩),因为放了香料调味,味道和我们的不大相同。dal tadka:简单地说就是黄豆汤(tadka汤 发音:它底卡),也是tahli里头最常见的配菜之一.这种汤的吃法很多,可以单独当汤喝,一般餐厅都不会作得太咸;可以搭配naan来吃,chapati则稍嫌太干吸不到汤汁;也可以搭配米饭,尤其是加了papad饼的长米饭,有时候因为太干而难以下嚥,淋一点dal让米饭和papad恰到好处。印度饼 indian breads讲到咖哩,就绝不能忘记咖哩的好朋友,各式各样的 “印度饼”。在印度,除了米饭,饼也是很重要的主食之一。印度农作如同中国北麦南稻一样,西北印度各省几乎全以饼为主食。比较 常见的印度饼有: chapati(恰巴堤)是用没有发酵的面团,做法跟葱油饼蛮像的,但是因为没有经过发酵过程所以饼皮更为扁平,口感较干。作法是将揉好地面团摊平后,在平底锅或平盘铁盘上,用极少量的油煎烤。至於将 chapati 放到油锅炸到膨胀,就是出名的印度膨膨饼puri(皮欧哩)。 roti(鲁堤)面团以旋圈式做成轻薄脆的印度面包,再以奶油或油在锅中加以油炸。他有一个近亲叫做paratha(胚罗塔)更像葱油饼。 naan(楠)是将揉好的发酵过的面团抛转,然后甩入tandoor炉璧中,烤好后用两只长叉将饼铲出,所以naan的表面常会有黑糊糊的碳灰。 印度饼的食用方式,是用手将饼撕成小块,然后沾取咖哩酱汁后食用。或将饼撕开成小口袋状,之后将馅料填入,也是很不错的吃法! chaptti的口感较扎实,nan则非常松软﹔至於roti,吃起来则类似面包。在讲究一点的餐厅,甚至可以点例如:奶油、大蒜……等不同口味的印度饼。 塔哩 thali 类似定食的做法,是印度正式的进食方式。用一个浅的大圆铁盘上面盛好几小碗,里面各装有餐厅搭配好的米饭/饼/优格/咖哩酱汁/腌菜及甜点,大概有4-5样成为一个set。通常米饭旁会付上一张papad饼,一般吃法是把papad饼压碎搭配米饭和咖哩吃。吉加拉特gujarat省分因为是耆那教的大本营,吃纯素的比例相当高,因此 gujarat thali 通常指得就是纯素食的定食。南印度的thali将菜肴盛在蕉叶上,一人一份用完即丢,既卫生又环保,据说蕉叶还有杀菌功能,不过南印度人对这种定食还有其他称呼叫sadya。 焖饭/炖饭 biryani状似炒饭,因为使用的米是长米。炖煮的米饭配以羊肉、鸡肉或蔬菜等,佐以咖哩酱汁和一碟蕃茄、生黄瓜或腌菜等。biryani大多是荤食,另外有一种单纯素食的炖饭,没有加郁金根粉的称pulao(皮欧雷欧)。其他知名的口味还有 : lucknow 风格,及hyderabad 风格的 biryani;由於这道菜是由信仰回教的蒙兀儿人传进印度,因此也有牛肉口味的biryani。biryani作法是配料(肉)及香料先腌一天,米粒浸泡水中约30分钟,印度奶油於平底锅中加热,将腌好的肉块煎至表面熟后放入米中,水与米粒齐,盖上锅盖,焖煮约30分钟,直到米饭香味完全渗出,在高级的餐厅最后会将番红花撒在饭上。炉烤 tandooritandoor(摊兜虑)是一个土制的炉窑缸,最有名的就是tandoor chicken。另外,把腌过的肉混合香料包在铁串上,放在tandoor里面烘烤,称为kabah(卡巴)。一般tandoor鸡肉都吃有骨的,也可试试无骨chicken tikka (踢卡),虽是鸡肉,口感却类似鱼肉。tandoor有羊肉的也有牛肉的,因为这也是回教徒带进印度的料理。naan饼也是tandoor烤出来的喔~零食和甜点 snack & dessert印度街头上最常见的零食 (snack),有samosa和pakora...等(都是咸的); 至於jamun系列或是laddu等甜点,都可以在街上甜食专卖店买到。印度卖这类甜食的店通常是专卖店,很少参杂贩卖其他食物。那么贫穷的国家,但是甜点上银光闪闪亮晶晶的薄片都是真的银箔。印度的甜食可不是普通的甜,通常具有让人甜到头皮发麻的爆发力,并不是每个外国人都可以接受的。印度各地方中,加尔各答人以热爱甜食出名,甜食种类繁多,据说超过印度其他地方;南印度中,果亚goa的许多甜食带有葡萄牙风格最为特殊;喀拉拉kerala 则以各种米制的甜食最为出名; 果亚和喀拉拉的甜食中还有一项常见的外来品种 : pastry (酥皮类点心)。类似丹麦奶酥类的各色甜食,放在路边的柑仔店的玻璃柜或罐子里,颇受小朋友欢迎。 samosa(沙摩莎)是将蔬菜、马铃薯、肉馅等材料,捏成三角形后油炸的小面饼,在台湾的印度料理餐厅也常出现。这道菜传到东南亚经改良就是咖哩饺的先驱。 pakora(帕扣拉)则是直接将蔬菜、cheese等裹上豆粉,同样以油炸的方式料理。其中cheese pakora口味尤佳。pakora 传说是西方人(葡萄牙人?)传进印度,其实跟日本的天麸罗有异曲同工之妙。 dosa(多沙)在餐厅可以找找dosa 这个点心,是用米粉煎成的大薄饼,中间夹蔬菜及洋芋,沾上coconut chutney 配食(固定搭配),有点像可丽饼的感觉,不过味道更加清爽。 kheer(梯儿)印度米布丁rice pudding,其实是有点像在吃西米露。 kulfi(靠非)indian ice cream,嚐起来有点咸及香草叶的味道,与一般常吃的甜味西式冰淇淋不同。不过一般路边卖的kulfi要小心,有可能是生水作的。 jamun系列,只要看到菜单中有jamun字(捐门)的都表示那道甜品,会甜到吓死人,比如:gulab jamun.kala jamun等。 注:中文译音仅供参考!
介绍各国特色美食的英语网站或英语介绍资料。
谢谢!
印度美食如下:roganjosh咖哩羊肉 gushtaba辣肉球加优酪乳 biryani鸡或羊肉加橙汁饭 kebab印度烤肉串 bhujia咖哩素菜 samba印度煎饼包泡菜及咖哩扁豆 pomfret鲑鱼 malai椰汁咖哩虾 kulfi冰淇淋,印度茶
求美国特色美食的英文介绍
fast food 快餐食品 fast-food chains,american- style, are currently on the increase all over the world.most of these places work on a similar principle. there is a long counter , above which is displayed a list(often with pictures) of the items available, and behind which several people(often students working for the minimum wage)are serving. individual queues form in front of each assistant .you receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on a tray to a table, picking up thing like straws(吸管), pepper, salt, ketchup(蕃茄酱),pickles(泡菜)and napkins(usually paper napkins) on the way.if you can't see any knives and forks , this means you are supposed to eat with your hands.if you can't see any straws, that's because they are hiding in the straw dispenser(分配器) that you have to fiddle(拨弄) with the bottom of it to get a straw(one at a time)to emerge.when you've finished, you yourself throw away everything except the tray.many fast-food places have drive- in facilities.you place your order from your car via (通过) a microphone and then drive round to a special window to pay and pick it up .you may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out, and you sit and eat it in the car from a tray hooked over the door through the open window.you may be asked if your order is “for here” or “to go ” (i.e.to take away).in some states there is no sales tax on food consumed.types of fast food restaurants 快餐店的种类 the most widespread type of fast- food restaurant is that serving hamburgers, such as the chains of macdonald.all the different chains have their own specialties .arby's restaurants serve large roast beef, ham and cheese, and turkey(火鸡) “sandwiches”. some restaurant chains specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply. and then there's kentucky fried chicken.chips 油炸土豆片 chips in america are called “french fries” or “fries ”for short.(note that in the usa “ chips” mean crisps).“french fries” are normally thinner than chips.americans generally put ketchup on their chips ,and you will not normally find vinegar(醋).pizzas(意大利式)烘焰饼 there are many specialty pizza restaurants in america, and many of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home, which can often be convenient.they come in different sizes, and a large one can be big enough for a party of four people.if you want to share a pizza but can't agree on the ingredients , it is possible to order two different sets of toppings ,one set on each half.ice-cream 冰淇淋 shops selling large number of different flavors of ice- cream are very common in america. if you are not sure what flavor you want ,generally you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it. you can either have your ice- cream in a “plain cone”(普通型锥形物) or in a “sugar cone”(甜脆型锥形物).soft drinks 软饮料 fast- food restaurants do not serve alcohol.the soft drinks most often sold are coca- cola and pepsi—— cola, plus fizzy drinks (which are like lemonade)and root beer (which is like cough medicine).fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages” (碳酸饮料) or ,more colloquially,“soda”,“pop”,“soda pop”,and “soft drinks”.all these drinks come with lost of ice. in fact, you will probably find as much ice as drink in your drink.if you ask for a soft drink without ice, they will think you are funny but will probably oblige.(they may charge you a bit extra, for ice is cheaper than coke.)
印度美食 印度特色美食有哪些 印度美食文化介绍
拉西拉西即印度酸奶。
旧德里贾玛清真寺门口的小摊上,装满酸奶的土陶罐整齐地排列着,食客用完酸奶就砸碎陶罐,免除了摊主洗碗的麻烦,同时还很卫生。
由于印度菜的主菜多为羊肉、鸡肉和海鲜类,而且每道菜里洋葱和咖喱必不可少,在中国人眼里有点油腻、不好消化,用牛奶制作的醇浓酸奶可以化解掉饭菜奶茶在街边经常能看到有的铺面门口放着一口硕大无比的锅,里面文火温着白乎乎的牛奶,上面一半还覆盖着奶皮,非常香浓。
旁边有很多印度人排队等候着,一旦牛奶开锅就可以捧回香喷喷的奶茶。
通常饭后当地人会喝一杯加了香料的印度奶茶,也叫马沙拉奶茶。
炖杜里鸡炖杜里鸡,是印度最著名的一道美食,犹如北京烤鸭在中国的名气。
采用沾满香料的鸡腿、鸡块,放到炉子里用炭火烧烤而成,出炉后味鲜肉嫩,十分可口。
甩饼这个美食源自于马来西亚,但是后来在印度广为流传了,所以就成为了印度的一个特色美食了,这个甩饼的做法对于面粉的要求是很高的,因为吃到嘴里的甩饼非常的劲道,并且这个面粉中掺入了很多的鸡蛋,很香,口感绵软,吃起来让人可以有一个不错的体验,也是很多当地人喜欢吃的一个食品。
中国特色文化简介及食物(都要英文的)
the beijing roast duck, is the beijing famous food, it by luster redcolorful, pulp delicate, flavor mellow, fat but not greasycharacteristic, is "the world delicacy" but is renowned at home andabroad by the reputation. hands down, america of the roast duck, is the source to preciousvariety peking duck, it is now the world highest quality one kind ofmeat duck. it is said, this special pure white beijing duck's raising,approximately gets up before the millennium about, is because allprevious dynasties of king the distant gold dollar swims hunts for,the partner attains this pure white wild duck to plant, latter raisesfor you lieer, continuously continues down, only then this is finepurebred, and cultivates now the precious meat duck to plant. namelywith fills in feeds one kind of white duck which the method fattens,therefore "force feed duck". not only that, peking duck once inhundred years before passes on to europe and america, amazes the worldwith a single brilliant feat after breeding. thus, took the highquality variety peking duck, becomes the world precious duck to plantthe origin already long time. in the roast duck family most magnificent had to be the quanjude, was it has established roast duck family's beijing vivid ambassador the status.quanjude founder yang quan the kernel previously was the small trader who lives the duck business after the job chicken, accumulated the capital gradually, founded the quanjude roast duck shop, invited once a roast duck skilled worker who serves as a petty government official in the clear palace imperial kitchen, with the palace the roaster roast duck the technical fine roast duck, causes the roaster roast duck to come in the folk multiplication.the quanjude adopts is the roaster roasts the law, does not cut up the chest and abdominal cavities to the duck.only opens a small hole on the duck body, takes the internal organs, then fills the boiling water toward the duck belly inside, after then ties again the small hole hangs on the fire roasts.because this method both does not let the duck roast dehydrates and may let duck's skin zhang open is not roasted softly, roasts the duck skin is very thin very crisply, has become the roast duck most delicious part.the roaster has the stove hole not to have the fire door, take fruit trees and so on jujube wood, pear as the fuel, with open fire.when fruit tree burn, smokeless, the fire in a stove is prosperous, the combustion time is long.after the duck enters the stove, must use to select the pole in a disorderly way to exchange duck's position, causes duck being heated to be even, the whole body all can roast.roasts the duck outward appearance is full, the color assumes the deep red, the cerebral cortex is crisp, outside jiao linen, and has a fruit tree's delicate fragrance, the fine goods gets up, the taste is more wonderful.strictly speaking, only then this kind roasts the law only then to call beijing the roast duck.from http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/40468948.html
用英语介绍湖北美食特点?翻译句子??
hubei cuisine is wuhan, jingzhou and huangzhou composed of three kinds of local dishes. its approach to steam, simmer, fry, roast, fry the main, most zhinong, thicken thick, kou zhong, pure flavor, with simple folk characteristics.compared to cantonese and hubei dishes taste a little too much weight, compared with its neighbors hunan, and the latter not spicy, not to sichuan's ma. a little salty, a little spicy ... ... everything just rightoverall, the emphasis on spicy dishes hubei, sichuan and hunan dishes were similar, but not so spicy sichuan and hunan, it is generally tourists can still afford.wuhan premature dry noodles (eating breakfast) and snacks of choice, dry noodles is different from the cold noodles, but also different from the noodle soup, noodles cooked in advance, mix oil airing eat again when placed in boiling water on hot, add spices, finished surface road, chewiness, yellow and oily, delicious fragrance, seductive appetite.
葡萄牙菜的澳门葡餐特色菜
通过在澳门的一家葡式餐厅来了解一下葡萄牙的特色菜。
葡式餐厅,总延续着一份源自南欧的淡淡传统气氛;一台一椅一摆设,流露着葡萄牙人的保守和优雅。
走进——门内,数盘精心修葺的绿色植物成了第一道风景。
欧式楼梯优雅地盘旋到第二层,杏色的灯光柔柔洒在楼梯和大堂之间,如杜松子酒的雨幕,流动着温馨的暖意。
走进二层,灯影酒色中,酒吧背后,一墙绿色,薄荷般清凉,酒杯和酒樽拼合出变幻的几何图案。
轻浅的色调,清爽的台布,英式的座椅,古朴的酒墙,清晰地刻画着葡式风格;而门前漆金的笑佛,四壁错落的中国古式屏风,却仿佛在设计中撂下一笔未调和的浓墨,我那一霎的惊艳当中,带着点惊讶。
刚入座,餐厅主人就如数家珍地介绍起四壁的摆设。
原来,这些都是他在古旧家私店淘得的私人珍藏。
中国古董家具是他毕生的爱好——这里的布置,混和了主人对中国和故国的感情。
我们品味着主人复杂的情怀,如饮鸡尾酒,唇齿间有淡淡回甘。
葡式酿蟹盖配aveleda branco白酒前菜似曾相识,仔细品尝却发现有所不同--一般的葡式酿蟹盖,是将新鲜蟹拆肉拌洋葱酿进蟹壳炸,吃一个已经满足。
而这餐厅是将蟹肉伴了清淡的沙律酱和洋葱,再铺上芝士略焗--窃以为这样更能带出蟹肉的鲜味。
美食在前,我们都有点不顾仪态,抢空了由马介休球、咖喱角、虾角配成的小食拼盘。
咖喱角皮似乎太厚;马介休球中规中矩,能在薯蓉中投出马介休的味道;值得一提的是炸虾角,香酥的脆皮下虾肉的鲜味丝毫无损。
前菜配的是aveledabranco白酒,是葡国波特酒以外的另一种特产。
淡黄的色泽,口感清淡鲜酸,舌尖可感受到些微的气泡。
主人的长辈是葡萄牙酿酒家族,承传着丰富的葡国酒知识,他娓娓告知:传统酿造方式以发酵刚完成的葡萄牙,装入橡木桶内,使二次发酵在桶内进行,待气泡出现后即装瓶销售,在当地是一种相当新鲜可口的淡白酒。
举杯细看,酒质清澈一如葡萄采撷季的清晨,啜饮时舌尖略带刺激感,并略带酸味,新鲜愉快的滋味在口腔内跳动着。
葡国海鲜大会配marques de borda红酒葡国海鲜大会主人仿佛存心挑战我们的味觉,首道主菜就上了葡国海鲜大会。
那由西红柿、洋葱、咖喱调制而成的汤汁最精彩,香浓但没有抢掉海鲜的鲜甜。
亮红汤汁内映衬着的肉蟹、带子、青口、大虾,每一品种仿佛都经过精挑细选,饱满鲜嫩,正印证了葡国菜“用最好的材料做最好的菜”的烹调意念。
葡萄牙红酒历史有其璀璨的一页,其所产的著名甜酒波特酒por鄄to,曾取代过法国葡萄酒成为英国皇室贵族流行的饮品。
配主菜的红酒是marquesdeborda。
开瓶后的香型已经很丰富;未经充分氧化先试试,葡萄味敦厚,但稍微涩口。
经过一段时间,香型转化成很独特的陈皮味,口感也很流畅。
虽然还有点涩,想来以前喝过好几种葡萄牙红酒,这种涩口感觉都差不多。
可能这就是南欧的海洋气候、高低起伏河谷页岩,造就成的葡国红酒性格吧。
独特风味三角豆焖牛肚畅谈间,主人给了我们意料之外的精彩,加了一道三角豆焖牛肚。
三角豆又叫做鹰嘴豆,西班牙语为garbanzo,英文称chickpea,味道跟豌豆很相似,是葡国常用的豆类。
这道菜于简单处见功夫,煨得松化的三角豆加牛肚用特制酱汁χ透,香浓之外又不油腻,非常入味。
此夜有一道菜印象最深——葡国鸭饭:新鲜鸭子腌入味后烤熟,骨架拆下来煮高汤,再用高汤煮米饭,最后把又烧过的鸭肉埋进饭内,铺上葡国特产的肉肠,入焗炉略焗,鸭肉的香味丝丝潜入饭内。
葡国鸭饭席间菜式精彩纷呈,总算还了我们结识葡国菜的夙愿。
主人讲起葡国菜的历史,其实这边的葡国菜有澳门葡国菜及正宗葡国菜之分。
自十七世纪葡萄牙人抵澳后,他们从非洲、印度、马来西亚带来的辣椒烧烤、咖喱、香料、虾酱,在这里配上新鲜的蔬果、肉类、海鲜、家禽,再由巧手厨师用古老的葡式和东方特有的方式烹调出来,成了世上独一无二的澳门葡国菜。
巧克力慕丝配香草雪糕同行的朋友早已向我推介过这里的一道甜品——巧克力慕丝配香草雪糕,果然名不虚传。
香橙班戟本是寻常东西,但用了橙汁及橙酒做调味汁,配上雪糕,几种不同的味道混合在一起,新鲜的感觉。
香橙班戟离开时已经夜深,主人到门外相送。
挥手处,餐厅仍旧灯光琉璃。
想起今晚的宴会,像豪饮了葡国陈酿,浓浓酒意中带着回味。